https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&feed=atom&action=historyGeneral Information/tIS - IS and relatives with passenger genes - Revision history2024-03-28T14:19:36ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.34.0https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=3040&oldid=prevTnCentral at 12:38, 5 December 20222022-12-05T12:38:40Z<p></p>
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</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=2979&oldid=prevTnCentral at 13:46, 4 December 20222022-12-04T13:46:48Z<p></p>
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</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=2693&oldid=prevTnCentral at 13:17, 21 March 20222022-03-21T13:17:34Z<p></p>
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</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=2178&oldid=prevTnCentral at 18:29, 9 August 20212021-08-09T18:29:01Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:29, 9 August 2021</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]] tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]] tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry '''passenger genes''' not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>19286454</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. Passenger genes include [[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|transcription regulators]] (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNha5 IS''Nha5''], members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS220 IS''220''], [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and [[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|antibiotic resistance]] (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCgl1 IS''Cgl1''], [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry '''passenger genes''' not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. Passenger genes include [[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|transcription regulators]] (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNha5 IS''Nha5''], members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS220 IS''220''], [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and [[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|antibiotic resistance]] (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCgl1 IS''Cgl1''], [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISBse1 IS''Bse1''], [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''] and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] from [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCausp2 IS''Causp2''], 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISBse1 IS''Bse1''], [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''] and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] from [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCausp2 IS''Causp2''], 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems, as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment, either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn5-U00004.1 Tn''5''] (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R IS''50'']) and [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn10-AF162223 Tn''10''] (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R IS''10'']) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R IS''1''] - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems, as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment, either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn5-U00004.1 Tn''5''] (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R IS''50'']) and [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn10-AF162223 Tn''10''] (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R IS''10'']) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R IS''1''] - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn5-U00004.1 Tn''5''] and [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn10-AF162223 Tn''10''] suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>9729608</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref>). Furthermore, studies on [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISAzvi1 IS''101''] from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>6290079</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS911 IS''911''] can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>8106332</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>26603172</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref> which is associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISApl1 IS''Apl1'']<ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>27620479</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref><ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>29440577</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name= IS''1272'']<ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>27446047</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISEcp1 IS''Ecp1B'']<ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><nowiki</del>><pubmed>12936998</pubmed<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></nowiki</del>></ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn5-U00004.1 Tn''5''] and [http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn10-AF162223 Tn''10''] suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></ref>). Furthermore, studies on [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISAzvi1 IS''101''] from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS911 IS''911''] can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></ref> which is associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISApl1 IS''Apl1'']<ref><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name= IS''1272'']<ref><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISEcp1 IS''Ecp1B'']<ref><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=2148&oldid=prevTnCentral at 14:55, 9 August 20212021-08-09T14:55:23Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:55, 9 August 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in a single copy in a given genome, raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''], and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNwi4 IS''Nwi4''] and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNha5 IS''Nha5''] in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISPre3 IS''Pre3''], an [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS66 IS''66''] (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in a single copy in a given genome, raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''], and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNwi4 IS''Nwi4''] and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNha5 IS''Nha5''] in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISPre3 IS''Pre3''], an [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS66 IS''66''] (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems, as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment, either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R IS''50'']) and Tn''10'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R IS''10'']) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R IS''1''] - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems, as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment, either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn5-U00004.1 </ins>Tn''5''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>(flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R IS''50'']) and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn10-AF162223 </ins>Tn''10''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>(flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R IS''10'']) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R IS''1''] - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISAzvi1 IS''101''] from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS911 IS''911''] can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISApl1 IS''Apl1'']<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name= IS''1272'']<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISEcp1 IS''Ecp1B'']<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn5-U00004.1 </ins>Tn''5''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/cgi-bin/tn_report.pl?id=Tn10-AF162223 </ins>Tn''10''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISAzvi1 IS''101''] from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS911 IS''911''] can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISApl1 IS''Apl1'']<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name= IS''1272'']<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISEcp1 IS''Ecp1B'']<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=2142&oldid=prevTnCentral at 14:23, 9 August 20212021-08-09T14:23:02Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:23, 9 August 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l15" >Line 15:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISBse1 IS''Bse1''], [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''] and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] from [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCausp2 IS''Causp2''], 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISBse1 IS''Bse1''], [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''] and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] from [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCausp2 IS''Causp2''], 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in a single copy in a given genome, raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''], and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISPre3 IS''Pre3''], an [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS66 IS''66''] (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in a single copy in a given genome, raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 IS''Spo3''], and [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 IS''Spo8''] in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNwi4 </ins>IS''Nwi4''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNha5 </ins>IS''Nha5''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISPre3 IS''Pre3''], an [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS66 IS''66''] (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems, as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment, either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R IS''50'']) and Tn''10'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R IS''10'']) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R IS''1''] - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems, as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment, either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R IS''50'']) and Tn''10'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R IS''10'']) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking [https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R IS''1''] - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=2141&oldid=prevTnCentral at 14:22, 9 August 20212021-08-09T14:22:16Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:22, 9 August 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:1.14.1.png|thumb|500x500px|'''Fig.9.1.''' Identification of new types of IS and relatives with passenger genes.The IS is represented as a rectangle with flanking direct repeats (DR) in red and terminal inverted repeats in blue (triangles). The transposase orfs are shown in dark blue and passenger genes in green. From top to bottom: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:1.14.1.png|thumb|500x500px|'''Fig.9.1.''' Identification of new types of IS and relatives with passenger genes.The IS is represented as a rectangle<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>with flanking direct repeats (DR) in red and terminal inverted repeats in blue (triangles). The transposase orfs are shown in dark blue and passenger genes in green. From top to bottom: </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organization of a classical IS''66'' family member and of the IS''Bst12'' group. The ‘accessory’ genes ''tnpA'' and ''tnpB'' are shown in red and orange, respectively. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organization of a classical <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[IS Families/IS66 family|</ins>IS''66'' family<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>member and of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[IS Families/IS66 family|</ins>IS''Bst12'' group<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>. The ‘accessory’ genes ''tnpA'' and ''tnpB'' are shown in red and orange, respectively. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An IS''1595'' family member with non-coding DNA. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[IS Families/IS1595 family|</ins>IS''1595'' family<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>member with non-coding DNA. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A tIS''66'' with a single orf downstream of the transposase. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A tIS''66'' with a single orf downstream of the transposase. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>IS''66'' and IS''4'' tIS with passenger gene(s) upstream of the transposase. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS66 </ins>IS''66''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS4 </ins>IS''4''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>tIS with passenger gene(s) upstream of the transposase. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An IS''1595'' family tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[IS Families/IS1595 family|</ins>IS''1595'' family<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry '''passenger genes''' not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></nowiki></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. Passenger genes include [[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|transcription regulators]] (e.g. IS''Nha5'', members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. IS''220'', [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and [[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|antibiotic resistance]] (e.g. IS''Cgl1'', [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry '''passenger genes''' not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></nowiki></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. Passenger genes include [[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|transcription regulators]] (e.g. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISNha5 </ins>IS''Nha5''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS220 </ins>IS''220''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and [[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|antibiotic resistance]] (e.g. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCgl1 </ins>IS''Cgl1''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.IS''Bse1'', IS''Spo3'' and IS''Spo8''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>[[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. IS''Causp2'', 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISBse1 </ins>IS''Bse1''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 </ins>IS''Spo3''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 </ins>IS''Spo8''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] from </ins>[[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISCausp2 </ins>IS''Causp2''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in single copy in a given genome raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. IS''Spo3'', and IS''Spo8'' in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. IS''Pre3'', an IS''66'' (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>single copy in a given genome<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo3 </ins>IS''Spo3''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISSpo8 </ins>IS''Spo8''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISPre3 </ins>IS''Pre3''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>, an <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS66 </ins>IS''66''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>(see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>either in direct or inverted orientation (see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>). The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS50R </ins>IS''50''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>) and Tn''10'' (flanking <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS10R </ins>IS''10''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>) as well as Tn''9'' (flanking <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS1R </ins>IS''1''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>- see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISAzvi1 </ins>IS''101''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=IS911 </ins>IS''911''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins>can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISApl1 </ins>IS''Apl1''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins><ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name= </ins>IS''1272''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins><ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/ISfinder/scripts/ficheIS.php?name=ISEcp1 </ins>IS''Ecp1B''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins><ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=1512&oldid=prevTnCentral at 19:55, 27 June 20202020-06-27T19:55:33Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:55, 27 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in single copy in a given genome raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. IS''Spo3'', and IS''Spo8'' in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. IS''Pre3'', an IS''66'' (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in single copy in a given genome raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. IS''Spo3'', and IS''Spo8'' in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. IS''Pre3'', an IS''66'' (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation. The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(see references in <ref>Craig NL, Lambowitz AM, Craigie R, Gellert M, editors. Mobile DNA II. American Society of Microbiology; 2002. </ref>)</ins>. The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.9.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=1344&oldid=prevTnCentral at 12:47, 23 June 20202020-06-23T12:47:54Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:47, 23 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:1.14.1.png|thumb|500x500px|'''Fig. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1.14</del>.1.''' Identification of new types of IS and relatives with passenger genes.The IS is represented as a rectangle with flanking direct repeats (DR) in red and terminal inverted repeats in blue (triangles). The transposase orfs are shown in dark blue and passenger genes in green. From top to bottom: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:1.14.1.png|thumb|500x500px|'''Fig.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">9</ins>.1.''' Identification of new types of IS and relatives with passenger genes.The IS is represented as a rectangle with flanking direct repeats (DR) in red and terminal inverted repeats in blue (triangles). The transposase orfs are shown in dark blue and passenger genes in green. From top to bottom: </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organization of a classical IS''66'' family member and of the IS''Bst12'' group. The ‘accessory’ genes ''tnpA'' and ''tnpB'' are shown in red and orange, respectively. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organization of a classical IS''66'' family member and of the IS''Bst12'' group. The ‘accessory’ genes ''tnpA'' and ''tnpB'' are shown in red and orange, respectively. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11" >Line 11:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An IS''1595'' family tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An IS''1595'' family tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry '''passenger genes''' not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></nowiki></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1.14</del>.1)]]. Passenger genes include [[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|transcription regulators]] (e.g. IS''Nha5'', members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. IS''220'', [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and [[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|antibiotic resistance]] (e.g. IS''Cgl1'', [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1.14</del>.1)]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry '''passenger genes''' not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></nowiki></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">9</ins>.1)]]. Passenger genes include [[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|transcription regulators]] (e.g. IS''Nha5'', members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. IS''220'', [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and [[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|antibiotic resistance]] (e.g. IS''Cgl1'', [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">9</ins>.1)]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.IS''Bse1'', IS''Spo3'' and IS''Spo8'', [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. IS''Causp2'', 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.IS''Bse1'', IS''Spo3'' and IS''Spo8'', [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. IS''Causp2'', 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in single copy in a given genome raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. IS''Spo3'', and IS''Spo8'' in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. IS''Pre3'', an IS''66'' (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tISs are generally present in low copy number. Many occur only in single copy in a given genome raising the question of whether they are active. Moreover, more than one closely related but non-identical derivative can be found in a single genome (e.g. IS''Spo3'', and IS''Spo8'' in ''[[wikipedia:Silicibacter_pomeroyi|Silicibacter pomeroyi]]'' DSS-3 and IS''Nwi4'' and IS''Nha5'' in ''[[wikipedia:Nitrobacter|Nitrobacter winograski]]'' Nb-255). Others are present in more than one copy. IS''Pre3'', an IS''66'' (see "[[IS Families/IS66 family|IS''66'' family]]") relative from ''[[wikipedia:Pseudomonas_resinovorans|Pseudomonas resinovorans]]'' plasmid pCAR1 includes a hypothetical protein and is present as 2 copies with different insertion sites as judged by their typical 8 bp DR (Gourbeyre, unpublished).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation. The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1.14</del>.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation. The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">9</ins>.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene fabI]''(Fatty acid biosynthesis) gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the ''blaCTX''-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentralhttps://tncentral.ncc.unesp.br/TnPedia/index.php?title=General_Information/tIS_-_IS_and_relatives_with_passenger_genes&diff=1195&oldid=prevTnCentral at 13:22, 5 June 20202020-06-05T13:22:03Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:22, 5 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11" >Line 11:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An IS''1595'' family tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An IS''1595'' family tIS with upstream and downstream passenger genes.|alt=|border|left]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry passenger genes not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></nowiki></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.1.14.1)]]. Passenger genes include transcription regulators (e.g. IS''Nha5'', members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. IS''220'', [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and antibiotic resistance (e.g. IS''Cgl1'', [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.1.14.1)]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<big>O</big>'''ver the past few years, a number of TE have been identified which are very closely related to known IS but which carry <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</ins>passenger genes<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' </ins>not directly involved in transposition. These elements, simpler than known Tns, are called transporter ISs (tISs)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>19286454</pubmed></nowiki></ref> [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.1.14.1)]]. Passenger genes include <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[wikipedia:Transcriptional_regulation|</ins>transcription regulators<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>(e.g. IS''Nha5'', members of the [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]), [[wikipedia:Methyltransferase|methyltransferases]] (e.g. IS''220'', [[IS Families/IS1380 family|IS''1380'' family]]), and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[wikipedia:Antimicrobial_resistance|</ins>antibiotic resistance<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>(e.g. IS''Cgl1'', [[IS Families/IS481 family|IS''481''family]]) genes and can be located upstream, downstream or on both sides of the transposase gene [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.1.14.1)]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.IS''Bse1'', IS''Spo3'' and IS''Spo8'', [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. IS''Causp2'', 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They can include a significant amount of DNA with no clear coding capacity (e.g.IS''Bse1'', IS''Spo3'' and IS''Spo8'', [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]) and are longer than typical IS (e.g. IS''Causp2'', 7,915 bp, [[IS Families/IS1595 family|IS''1595'' family]]). This has presumably delayed their identification. Since the second IS end would occur at an unexpectedly distant position, they would resemble partial IS copies lacking a second end.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19" >Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation. The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.1.14.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of additional genes to generate tISs are at present unclear. They do not appear to carry programmed recombination systems as do some members of the [[Transposons families/Tn3 family|Tn''3'' family]]. One possibility is that tIS are derived by deletion from ancestral compound transposons. These are composed of two ISs flanking any DNA segment either in direct or inverted orientation. The flanking IS are able to mobilize the intervening DNA segment [[:Image:1.14.1.png|(Fig.1.14.1)]]. They were among of the first types of transposon described and include the models Tn''5'' (flanking IS''50'') and Tn''10'' (flanking IS''10'') as well as Tn''9'' (flanking IS''1'' - see "[[IS Families/IS1 family|IS''1'' family]]"). Since these early examples, many other such composite transposons have been identified either by experiment or from genome sequencing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''fabI'' gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the blaCTX-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some early observations concerning Tn''5'' and Tn''10'' suggest that the flanking IS can undergo mutation rendering them less autonomous (for example mutations within one IS which inactivate its transposase; see <ref><nowiki><pubmed>9729608</pubmed></nowiki></ref>). Furthermore, studies on IS''101'' from the pSC101 plasmid clearly indicated that transposition can occur using one established IS end and a second surrogate end located at some distance from the IS <ref><nowiki><pubmed>6290079</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. If, as in this case, the intervening DNA includes a passenger gene, this creates a novel transposon. It has also been observed that other ISs such as IS''911'' can use surrogate ends during transposition<ref><nowiki><pubmed>8106332</pubmed></nowiki></ref>. Moreover, isolated individual IS ends are often observed in sequenced genomes and could provide a source of surrogate ends. A number of potential transposable elements of this type, containing a single IS, a passenger gene and a short flanking sequence resembling an additional IS end, have been observed in nature. These include: [[wikipedia:Colistin|colistin]] resistance (MCR-1)<ref><nowiki><pubmed>26603172</pubmed></nowiki></ref> which is associated with IS''Apl1''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27620479</pubmed></nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki><pubmed>29440577</pubmed></nowiki></ref>, the ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://ecoliwiki.org/colipedia/index.php/fabI:Gene </ins>fabI<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Fatty acid biosynthesis) </ins>gene of ''[[wikipedia:Staphylococcus_haemolyticus|Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]'' resulting in [[wikipedia:Triclosan|triclosan]] resistance and associated with IS''1272''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>27446047</pubmed></nowiki></ref> and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>blaCTX<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>-M-19 gene associated with IS''Ecp1B''<ref><nowiki><pubmed>12936998</pubmed></nowiki></ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Bibliography==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
</table>TnCentral